Hyperbranched poly(ether sulfone)s: preparation and application to ion-exchange membranes

Negatively charged hyperbranched polyether-based polyelectrolytes

The preparation of carboxylated hyperbranched polyglycerols of narrow polydispersity was achieved by modification (78-90%) of the hydroxyl end groups via Michael addition of acrylonitrile, followed by hydrolysis. High conversion could only be achieved for low molecular weight starting materials (520 and 1,030 g mol-1). The solution properties of the resulting materials were investigated by dyna...

Electrodialysis of Blood Using Ion-Exchange Membranes

THE correction of electrolyte imbalance and the removal of retention products of the blood during renal failure is at present achieved by the use of artificial kidneys which permit the diffusion of solutes through a semi-permeable membrane. Several types of apparatus used successfully for hemodialysis include those described by Kolff and Watschinger (1956) and Alwall, Norviit, and Steins (1948)...

Ion Exchange and Application of Layered Silicate

Ion exchange membranes: State of their development and perspective

During the last 50 years, ion exchange membranes have evolved from a laboratory tool to industrial products with significant technical and commercial impact. Today ion exchange membranes are receiving considerable attention and are successfully applied for desalination of sea and brackish water and for treating industrial effluents. They are efficient tools for the concentration or separation o...

Ion exchange membranes and separation processes with chemical reactions

Recent research trends in the development of ion exchange membranes and their use in separation processes with chemical reactions are reviewed. Emphasis in research on the ion exchange membrane is trending toward analysis of micro-structure of the membranes and to development of new functionalized ion exchange membranes in response to industrial requirements. Separation processes with chemical ...